矿业人必看！C 字母开头术语清单来了，从井下安全到跨境贸易
在矿业领域，术语翻译从来不是“字面转换”那么简单。一个词的偏差，可能让跨国项目因设备参数误解停工，可能让安全规程因操作术语误读埋下隐患，甚至可能让国际贸易因价格条款歧义产生百万级纠纷。
比如“Cage”，若错译为“笼子”而非“罐笼”，现场人员可能误解这一矿井运输核心设备的功能；“Controlled blasting（控制爆破）”若译得模糊，可能导致爆破方案执行偏差，直接威胁井下作业安全；“Contango（期货升水）”的误判，则可能让矿企在国际金属贸易中损失惨重。
今天，我们整理了C 字母开头的矿业核心术语清单，不仅附上中英对照，更想通过这些术语背后的“翻译逻辑”，聊聊矿业术语翻译的重要性——它是安全的防线、效率的前提、国际合作的桥梁。一起来看看吧！
1.矿物、岩石与地质【找矿、探矿的“基础字典”】
Chalcopyrite黄铜矿：A sulphide mineral of copper and iron; the most important ore mineral of copper. 铜和铁的硫化物矿物；是最重要的铜矿石矿物。
Chalcocite辉铜矿：A sulphide mineral of copper common in the zone of secondary enrichment.一种铜的硫化物矿物，常见于次生富集带。
Chromite铬铁矿：The chief ore mineral of chromium. 铬的主要矿石矿物。
Cinnabar辰砂：A vermilion-colored ore mineral of mercury. 一种朱红色的汞矿石矿物。
Clay黏土：A fine-grained material composed of hydrous aluminum silicates. 一种由含水硅酸铝组成的细粒物质。
Coal煤：A carbonaceous rock mined for use as a fuel. 一种含碳岩石，开采后用作燃料。
Conglomerate砾岩：A sedimentary rock consisting of rounded, water-worn pebbles or boulders cemented into a solid mass. 一种沉积岩，由圆形的、经水冲刷的卵石或巨砾胶结而成的固态岩体。
Contact接触面：A geological term used to describe the line or plane along which two different rock formations meet. 一个地质学术语，用于描述两种不同岩层相遇的线或面。
Contact metamorphism接触变质作用：Metamorphism of country rocks adjacent to an intrusion, caused by heat from the intrusion. 侵入体周围的围岩因侵入体的热量而发生的变质作用。
Cordillera科迪勒拉山系：The continuous chain of mountain ranges on the western margin of North and South America. 美洲大陆西部边缘的连续山脉链。
Country rock围岩：Loosely used to describe the general mass of rock adjacent to an orebody. Also known as the host rock. 泛指邻近矿体的岩石总体，也称为围岩。
Crust地壳：The outermost layer of the Earth; includes both continental and oceanic crust. 地球的最外层；包括大陆地壳和大洋地壳。
Coalification煤化作用：The metamorphic processes of forming coal. 形成煤的变质过程。
Cesium magnetometer铯磁力仪：A geophysical instrument which measures magnetic field strength in terms of vertical gradient and total field. 一种地球物理仪器，通过垂直梯度和总磁场来测量磁场强度。
Cleavage解理：The tendency of a mineral to split along crystallographic planes. 矿物沿结晶面分裂的趋势。
2.采矿作业与设施【矿山现场的“安全密码”】
Cage 罐笼：The conveyance used to transport men and equipment between the surface and the mine levels. 用于在地面和矿井各水平之间运送人员和设备的运输工具。
【应用场景】罐笼是描述垂直运输核心设备的“必用词”，矿井提升系统设计、矿工安全培训、设备维护手册中经常出现。
Controlled blasting控制爆破：Blasting patterns and sequences designed to achieve a particular objective. Cast blasting, where the muck pile is cast in a particular direction, and deck blasting, where holes are loaded once but blasted in successive blasts days apart, are examples. 为实现特定目标而设计的爆破方式和顺序。例如，将矿堆朝特定方向抛掷的抛掷爆破，以及一次装药但分多天连续爆破的分段爆破。
Cable bolt锚索：A steel cable, capable of withstanding tens of tonnes, cemented into a drillhole to lend support in blocky ground. 一种钢缆，能承受数十吨的重量，用水泥固定在钻孔中，用于在破碎岩层中提供支撑。
Captive stope封闭采场：A stope that is accessible only through a manway. 只能通过人行通道进入的采场。
Change house更衣室：The mine building where workers change into work clothes; also known as the “dry”. 矿工更换工作服的矿井建筑物；也称为“干燥间”。
Chute溜槽：An opening, usually constructed of timber and equipped with a gate, through which ore is drawn from a stope into mine cars. 一个开口，通常由木材制成并装有闸门，矿石通过它从采场装入矿车。
Continuous miner连续采煤机：A piece of mining equipment which produces a continuous flow of ore from the working face. 一种能从工作面连续产出矿石流的采矿设备。
Closed circuit闭路循环：A loop in the milling process wherein a selected portion of the product of a machine is returned to the head of the machine for finishing to required specification. 选矿过程中的一个回路，其中机器产品的选定部分返回机器前端，以加工至所需规格。
Circulating load循环负荷：Over-sized chunks of ore returned to the head of a closed grinding circuit before going on to the next stage of treatment. 在进入下一处理阶段前，返回封闭磨矿回路前端的过大矿石块。
Crosscut石门：A horizontal opening driven from a shaft and (or near) right angles to the strike of a vein or other orebody. 从井筒开凿的水平巷道，与矿脉或其他矿体的走向成（或接近）直角。
Cut-and-fill 充填采矿法：A method of stoping in which ore is removed in slices, or lifts, and then the excavation is filled with rock or other waste material (backfill), before the subsequent slice is extracted. 一种采矿方法，先分层（或分段）开采矿石，然后用岩石或其他废料（回填物）填充采空区，再开采下一分层。
Collar井口框：The term applied to the timbering or concrete around the mouth of a shaft; also used to describe the top of a mill hole. 指井筒井口周围的支护木材或混凝土结构，也可指磨矿机孔的顶部。
3.选矿、冶炼与加工
Calcine焙砂：Name given to concentrate that is ready for smelting (i.e. the sulphur has been driven off by oxidation). 指可用于冶炼的精矿（即硫已通过氧化作用被除去）。
Carbon-in-pulp炭浆法：A method of recovering gold and silver from pregnant cyanide solutions by adsorbing the precious metals to granules of activated carbon, which are typically ground up coconut shells.一种从载金氰化物溶液中回收金和银的方法，通过将贵金属吸附到活性炭颗粒（通常为磨碎的椰子壳）上实现。
Column flotation柱式浮选：A milling process, carried out in a tall cylindrical column, whereby valuable minerals are separated from gangue minerals based on their wetability properties. 一种在高大圆柱体内进行的选矿过程，根据矿物的润湿性将有价矿物与脉石矿物分离。
Complex ore复杂矿石：An ore containing a number of minerals of economic value. The term often implies that there are metallurgical difficulties in liberating and separating the valuable metals. 含有多种具有经济价值的矿物的矿石。该术语通常意味着在解离和分离有价金属方面存在冶金难题。
Cone crusher圆锥破碎机：A machine which crushes ore between a gyrating cone or crushing head and an inverted, truncated cone known as a bowl. 一种在旋转圆锥（或破碎头）与称为碗形衬套的倒置截头圆锥之间破碎矿石的机器。
Concentrate精矿：A fine, powdery product of the milling process containing a high percentage of valuable metal. 选矿过程产生的细粉状产品，含有高比例的有价金属。
Concentrator选矿厂：A milling plant that produces a concentrate of the valuable minerals or metals. Further treatment is required to recover the pure metal. 生产有价矿物或金属精矿的加工厂。需要进一步处理以回收纯金属。
Converter转炉：In copper smelting, a furnace used to separate copper metal from matte. 在铜冶炼中，用于从冰铜中分离出金属铜的熔炉。
Custom smelter定制冶炼厂：A smelter which processes concentrates from independent mines. Concentrates may be purchased or the smelter may be contracted to do the processing for the independent company. 处理独立矿山精矿的冶炼厂。精矿可被购买，或冶炼厂可签约为独立公司进行加工。
Cyanidation氰化法：A method of extracting exposed gold or silver grains from crushed or ground ore by dissolving it in a weak cyanide solution. May be carried out in tanks inside a mill or in heaps of ore out of doors. 一种从破碎或磨碎的矿石中提取暴露的金或银颗粒的方法，通过将其溶解在稀氰化物溶液中实现。可在选矿厂的槽罐中或室外的矿堆中进行。
Cyanide氰化物：A chemical species containing carbon and nitrogen used to dissolve gold and silver from ore. 一种含碳和氮的化学物质，用于从矿石中溶解金和银。
【应用场景】在氰化法提金工艺中，术语翻译需关联安全规程（如“氰化物浓度”“解毒处理”），避免操作误读导致中毒风险。
Core岩芯：The long cylindrical piece of rock, about an inch in diameter, brought to surface by diamond drilling. 通过金刚石钻探取至地表的长圆柱形岩石块，直径约 1 英寸。
Core barrel岩芯管：That part of a string of tools in a diamond drill hole in which the core specimen is collected. 金刚石钻孔工具串中用于收集岩芯样品的部分。
Cathode阴极：A rectangular plate of metal, produced by electrolytic refining, which is melted into commercial shapes such as wirebars, billets, ingots, etc. 通过电解精炼生产的矩形金属板，可熔铸成商业用形状，如线坯、钢坯、铸锭等。
Channel sample刻槽样品：A sample composed of pieces of vein or mineral deposit that have been cut out of a small trench or channel, usually about 10 cm wide and 2 cm deep. 由从小型沟槽或刻槽中凿取的矿脉或矿床碎块组成的样品，通常宽约 10 厘米、深约 2 厘米。
Chip sample 岩屑样品：A method of sampling a rock exposure whereby a regular series of small chips of rock is broken off along a line across the face. 一种对岩石露头进行取样的方法，沿岩面的一条线有规律地敲取一系列小岩屑。
Clarification 澄清：Process of clearing dirty water by removing suspended material. 通过去除悬浮物质使矿浆水变清的过程。
Classifier 分级机：A mineral-processing machine which separates minerals according to size and density. 一种根据粒度和密度分离矿物的选矿设备。
Cut value截断值：Applies to assays that have been reduced to some arbitrary maximum to prevent erratic high values from inflating the average. 适用于已降至某个任意最大值的化验结果，以防止异常高值拉高平均值。
4.金融与商业
Call 看涨期权：An option to buy shares at a specified price. The opposite of a “put”. 以特定价格购买股票的权利。与“看跌期权”相反。
Capitalization市值：A financial term used to describe the value financial markets put on a company. Determined by multiplying the number of outstanding shares of a company by the current stock price. 一个金融术语，用于描述金融市场对公司的估值。通过公司流通股数量乘以当前股价得出。
【补充说明】对矿业公司而言，市值不仅取决于股价，还与矿产资源储量、品位等地质数据密切相关，术语翻译需兼顾金融与地质逻辑。
Capital stock股本：The total ownership of a limited liability company divided among a specified number of shares. 有限责任公司的总所有权，分为特定数量的股份。
Cash flow现金流：The net of the inflow and outflow of cash during an accounting period. Does not account for depreciation or bookkeeping write-offs which do not involve an actual cash outlay.会计期间现金流入和流出的净额。不包括折旧或账面冲销，这些不涉及实际的现金支出。
Charter特许状：A document issued by a governing authority creating a company or other corporation. 由主管机构颁发的设立公司或其他法人团体的文件。
Chartered bank特许银行：A financial institution that accepts deposits and provides loans. 接受存款并提供贷款的金融机构。
Claim矿权地 A portion of land held either by a prospector or a mining company. In Canada, the common size is 1,320 ft. (about 400 m) square, or 40 acres (about 16 ha). 由探矿者或矿业公司持有的一块土地。在加拿大，常见尺寸为 1320 英尺（约 400 米）见方，或 40 英亩（约 16 公顷）。
【补充说明】在国际矿业合作中，矿权地的面积、边界描述翻译偏差可能导致跨境土地纠纷，是合同翻译的核心关注点
Common stock普通股Shares in a company which have full voting rights which the holders use to control the company in common with each other. There is no fixed or assured dividend as with preferred shares, which have first claim on the distribution of a company's earnings or assets.公司的股份，持有者拥有完整投票权，可共同用于控制公司。与优先股不同，普通股没有固定或保证的股息，优先股在公司收益或资产分配中享有优先索取权。
Confirmation确认书 - A form delivered by a broker to the client, setting forth the details of stock sales or purchases for the client. 经纪人向客户交付的表格，载明为客户进行的股票买卖详情。
Contango期货升水 A situation in which the price of a metal for forward or future delivery stands at a premium over the cash or spot price of the metal. 金属的远期或期货交割价格高于其现货价格的情况。
【应用场景】矿企参与金属期货交易时，用于分析远期合约与现货的价差，直接影响采购/销售策略。
Cum-dividend含股息Buyer entitled to pending dividend payment. 买方有权获得未支付的股息。
Current assets流动资产Assets of company which can and are likely to be converted into cash within a year. Includes cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable and supplies. 公司在一年内能够且可能转换为现金的资产。包括现金、有价证券、应收账款和存货。
Current liabilities流动负债A company’s debts that are payable within a year’s time. 公司在一年内需偿还的债务。
从井下设备操作到跨国资源交易，从矿石鉴定到冶炼流程，矿业术语翻译始终是连接技术、安全与商业的“隐形桥梁”。精准的翻译，能让万吨级项目少走弯路，让千名矿工远离风险，让跨境合作更顺畅。
这份C 字头术语清单，不仅是“词汇表”，更是提醒我们：矿业的每一个细节，都藏在对术语的敬畏里。如果你在翻译中遇到过因术语偏差导致的 “小插曲”，欢迎在评论区分享 —— 让我们一起把好“翻译关”，为矿业的安全、高效与全球化添砖加瓦。
关注我们，下期解锁D 字头术语，带你继续攻克矿业翻译的“硬核知识点”。 转发收藏，让更多人看见术语翻译的重量！
公司介绍
北京阳光创译语言翻译有限公司（Suntrans）成立于 2008 年 2 月。公司总部设立在北京，在美国纽约设有分公司，并在乌干达和巴基斯设有办事处。在董事长吕国博士的带领下，历时15年，阳光创译由最初只有6人的翻译团队发展至今成为拥有50 余名全职管理人员、 1024 名兼职译员和 68 名核心译审人员的专业队伍。
阳光创译是中国领先的专业领域多语服务提供商，是中国专业地质矿业语言服务领军品牌。目前是中国翻译协会成员、中国语言服务产业技术创新联盟成员和中国矿业联合会全球地质信息共享委员会理事会成员。阳光创译致力于为中国地质、矿业以及石油领域企业国际化和本地化提供整体语言解决方案，主要从语言翻译服务、人才培养和咨询服务三方面推进企业的国际化进程。