今天分享的文章选自 AZO mining 这个新闻网站，作者为Ankit Singh。这篇文章探讨了电池电动采矿设备是否会成为采矿行业的未来。为便于更多读者理解，我们特别补充了中文译文，形成这篇双语文章。当下，采矿行业正悄然经历一场动力革命——从传统的柴油动力机械到电池电动设备的转变日益显著。那么，电池电动采矿设备究竟能否成为矿业的未来？接下来，让我们通过这篇文章一探究竟。
Is Battery-Electric Mining Equipment the Future?
《电池电动采矿设备是未来的趋势吗？》
By Ankit Singh Jul 30 2025
Mining has long relied on powerful, heavy-duty equipment to extract raw materials from the earth. However, battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) are making a noticeable impact across the industry. These machines restructure how mines operate, with significant implications for sustainability, efficiency, and overall costs. This article explores how BEVs are currently used in mining, highlights recent research, and looks at the challenges and opportunities of adopting battery-electric equipment.
长期以来，采矿行业一直依赖大功率重型设备从地下开采原材料。然而，电池电动汽车（BEVs）正给整个行业带来显著影响。这些设备重塑了矿山的运营方式，对可持续性、效率和整体成本均具有重要意义。本文探讨了电池电动汽车当前在采矿领域的应用现状，重点梳理了近期研究成果，并剖析了采用电池电动设备面临的挑战与机遇。
“extract raw materials”译为“开采原材料”。“extract” 在普通语境中可译为 “提取”，但在矿业场景中，与“raw materials（原材料）”搭配时，“开采”更贴合“从地下获取矿产” 的动作，比“提取” 更具行业精准性。
The Global Shift Toward Battery-Electric Mining Equipment
全球向电池电动采矿设备的转变
Mining companies are gradually adopting BEVs to replace diesel-powered machinery in surface and underground operations. Emission reductions, regulatory compliance, and cost considerations are all reasons for this shift.
矿业企业正逐步采用电池电动汽车，用以替代露天和地下作业中的柴油动力机械。减排需求、合规要求以及成本考量，均为这一转变的推动因素。
surface operations vs. underground operations
两者都是描述采矿作业环境的基础词汇。
surface operations指露天采矿（在地表进行的矿产开采），
underground operations指地下采矿（通过矿井进入地下的开采）。
Global Mining Review recently conducted a market analysis and found that electrification is becoming a key component of decarbonization strategies in mining, with 91% of surveyed companies considering it essential for sustainability plans.
《全球矿业评论》近期开展了一项市场分析，发现电气化正逐步成为采矿行业脱碳战略的核心组成部分，91% 的受访企业认为其对可持续发展规划至关重要。
Industry projections suggest steady growth for battery-electric mining vehicles, with an anticipated compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of up to 32% for electric haul trucks, loaders, and light vehicles by 2044.
行业预测显示，电池电动采矿车辆将实现稳步增长，截至 2044 年，电动矿用卡车、装载机和轻型车辆的复合年增长率（CAGR）预计高达32%。
Environmental Benefits of BEVs
电池电动汽车的环境效益
Unlike diesel engines, BEVs produce zero on-site greenhouse gas emissions or tailpipe pollutants. A recent industry review suggests that electrified mining equipment can reduce operational emissions by up to 50% compared to diesel-powered machinery.
与柴油发动机不同，电池电动汽车不会产生现场温室气体排放或尾气污染物。最近的一项行业综述表明，与柴油动力机械相比，电动采矿设备可将运营排放量减少高达50%。
Lower particulate emissions improve air quality in mines, support miner health, and lower energy requirements for ventilation.
颗粒物排放量的降低不仅改善了矿山空气质量、有助于保障矿工健康，还降低了通风所需的能源消耗。
Economic Impact and Cost Efficiency of BEVs
电池电动汽车的经济影响与成本效益
Electric mining equipment offers substantial cost savings over its operational lifespan.
电动采矿设备在全运营周期内可节省显著成本。
Electric motors have fewer moving parts, reducing maintenance requirements and downtime. Fuel expenses also decrease as EVs run on more stable electricity instead of volatile diesel markets.
电动机的活动部件更少，从而减少了维护需求和停机时间。由于电动汽车依靠更稳定的电力运行，而非价格波动的柴油市场，燃料支出也随之降低。
downtime vs. runtime
downtime：设备“停机时间”（如 “reduce downtime”译为“减少停机时间”）
runtime： 设备“运行时间”（如 “battery runtime”译为“电池续航时间”）
解析：二者是矿业设备管理的核心指标，“down-”体现“停止”，“run-”体现“运行”。
Although the initial capital investment for BEVs is often higher than diesel-powered counterparts, lower operating costs can offset this over time. Some studies suggest that future reductions in battery prices and advancements in charging technology may further improve cost-effectiveness.
尽管电池电动汽车的初始投资成本往往高于柴油动力设备，但随着时间推移，更低的运营成本可抵消这部分支出。一些研究表明，未来电池价格的下降和充电技术的进步，或许会进一步提高其成本效益。
The 2024 Electric Vehicles in Mining report highlights advancements in battery size, chemistry, and charging regimes that support longer run times and less frequent battery replacements.
《2024 年矿业电动汽车报告》着重指出，电池规格、化学组成及充电模式的进步，实现了设备更长的运行时长与更低的电池更换频率。
BEVs also perform well at high altitudes, where diesel engines typically underperform due to thinner air. As battery density improves, the machinery’s range and power will increase, allowing electric units to handle many tasks reliably.
电池电动采矿设备在高海拔地区表现优异，而柴油发动机在这些区域因空气稀薄通常会出现性能衰减。随着电池密度的提升，设备的续航能力和动力将进一步增强，使其能够可靠应对多项作业任务。
Is Electric Mining Equipment Safer?
电动采矿设备更安全吗？
Electric motors operate more quietly and generate less heat than their diesel equivalents. This reduces workers’ exposure to harmful noise and thermal stress, leading to a safer and more comfortable working environment. BEVs also eliminate diesel fumes and reduce airborne dust, resulting in fewer respiratory hazards for miners.
电动机运行时比柴油发动机更安静，发热也更少。这降低了工人接触有害噪音和热应激的风险，进而打造出更安全、更舒适的工作环境。电池电动设备还能消除柴油烟雾，减少空气中的粉尘含量，从而降低矿工面临的呼吸系统危害。
Improved workplace safety and health outcomes helps mining companies recruit and retain talent and reduce workers’ compensation and health costs.
工作场所安全与健康状况的改善，能帮助矿业公司招聘和留住人才，同时减少工人补偿金及健康相关成本。
However, battery swapping and charging introduce safety concerns. Researchers emphasize the need for robust protocols for battery handling, charging, and maintenance to avoid electrical hazards and ensure batteries do not fail under harsh mining conditions.
然而，电池更换和充电也带来了安全隐患。研究人员强调，需建立健全电池处理、充电及维护的相关规程，以规避电气风险，并确保电池在恶劣的采矿环境下不会发生故障。
Studies conducted among mine personnel provide useful insights into risk perceptions and the effectiveness of new safety measures implemented alongside BEV adoption.
在矿工群体中开展的研究，为了解他们对风险的认知以及在采用电池电动设备过程中所实施的新安全措施的有效性，提供了有益参考。
Based on the studies, adopting battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in underground mining introduces benefits and safety challenges as perceived by mine personnel.
基于这些研究，矿工们认为，在地下采矿中采用电池电动设备既带来了诸多益处，也伴随着一些安全挑战。
Overall, workers value BEVs for reducing noise and eliminating diesel particulate emissions, leading to a quieter and cleaner underground environment. However, significant concerns persist around fire safety due to the risks posed by high-energy batteries, especially in the event of collisions or improper handling, as well as limitations related to battery runtime and charging logistics.
总体而言，工人重视电池电动汽车减少噪音和消除柴油颗粒物排放的作用，这使得地下环境更安静、更清洁。但与此同时，高能电池带来的消防安全隐患始终令人担忧，尤其是在发生碰撞或操作不当时；此外，电池续航时间有限以及充电后勤保障方面的问题，也让他们颇为关注。
Mine workers identified knowledge gaps in effective emergency response, battery identification, and suppression methods, highlighting the need for targeted safety training, clear protocols, and improved communication around the new risks unique to BEVs compared to conventional diesel equipment.
矿工们发现，在有效的应急响应、电池识别和抑制方法方面存在知识短板。这凸显出，针对电池电动设备相较于传统柴油设备所特有的新风险，有必要开展针对性安全培训、制定明确的操作规程，并加强相关沟通。
Interviews, surveys, and organizational reviews revealed that risk perception among mine personnel is shaped by previous experience, education, and the overall safety culture within the organization. Effective BEV implementation is closely tied to worker involvement in safety planning, robust training programs tailored to various roles, and proactive engagement strategies to support trust and encourage open communication about new risks.
访谈、调查及组织审查表明，矿工对风险的认知由过往经验、受教育程度以及组织内部的整体安全文化共同塑造。电池电动设备（BEVs）的成功应用，与工人参与安全规划、为不同岗位量身定制的完善培训计划，以及旨在建立信任并鼓励就新风险开展开放沟通的积极参与策略密不可分。
Successful safety measures depended as much on technological readiness as on prepared and informed personnel, with studies showing that developing a positive safety culture, frequent risk communication, and demonstrable organizational support are crucial for building risk awareness and compliance with new procedures.
成功的安全措施，既取决于技术准备是否到位，也取决于人员是否训练有素且信息畅通。研究显示，培育积极的安全文化、频繁开展风险沟通以及提供切实的组织支持，对于提升风险意识和确保新规程的合规执行至关重要。
While BEVs are welcomed for their environmental and health advantages, ongoing investment in adaptive safety frameworks and continuous professional development for mine staff remains essential to address evolving risk profiles and protect worker wellbeing.
尽管电池电动设备因其环境与健康优势广受认可，但持续投入适应性安全框架建设，并为矿工提供常态化的专业能力提升培训，对于应对不断演变的风险态势、保障工人福祉而言，仍不可或缺。
Battery-Electric Mining Developments
电池电动采矿的发展
Significant progress has been made in recent years in the development of batteries designed specifically for heavy-duty mining applications.
近年来，针对重型采矿应用的专用电池研发取得了重大进展。
A recent advancement is a high-energy density lithium-ion battery pack that supports longer usage cycles and enhances safety features for mining vehicles and locomotives.8 Mining companies collaborate with battery manufacturers, equipment original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and technology firms to promote pilot programs and advance research and development.
最新进展之一是高能量密度锂离子电池组的问世，该电池组实现了更长的使用周期，并提升了采矿车辆及机车的安全性能。8 矿业公司正与电池制造商、设备原始制造商（OEMs）及科技企业开展合作，推动试点项目落地并推进研发进程。
The Oyu Tolgoi mine in Mongolia, operated by Rio Tinto, highlights these advances in practice. The mine has reported successful operational trials after integrating BEVs into its underground fleet, including haul trucks and loaders. Machines such as battery-electric bolters and 18-ton loaders now operate on-site, contributing to the electrification of mining activities.
由力拓集团运营的蒙古奥尤陶勒盖矿，在实践中凸显了这些进展。该矿报告称，在将电池电动汽车纳入其地下车队（包括矿用卡车和装载机）后，相关运营测试取得成功。如今，电池电动锚杆机和18 吨装载机等设备在现场运行，为采矿活动的电气化做出了贡献。
Operational and Infrastructure Challenges
运营和基础设施挑战
Despite strong progress, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of BEVs in mining. Key issues include battery longevity and durability, particularly because mines present harsh operational conditions.
尽管取得了显著进展，但仍有多项挑战阻碍着电池电动设备（BEVs）在采矿领域的广泛应用。核心问题包括电池的使用寿命与耐用性，尤其是矿山作业环境恶劣，对电池性能构成严峻考验。
Recent studies emphasize the need for batteries to maintain performance during intensive duty cycles. The initial capital costs associated with electric equipment and necessary infrastructure upgrades, such as charging networks and power storage, may discourage some operators from transitioning.
近期研究强调，电池需在高强度作业循环中保持稳定性能。电动设备及必要的基础设施升级（如充电网络和电力存储）所涉及的初始资本成本，可能令部分运营商对转型持观望态度。
Operational challenges also play a significant role. Efficient energy management and charging scheduling are essential to minimize downtime. The productivity of mining operations is closely linked to the availability of charging and battery-swapping facilities, highlighting the importance of advanced site planning and investment in power management systems.
运营层面的挑战同样影响重大。高效的能源管理与充电调度是最大限度缩短停机时间的关键。采矿作业的生产效率与充电及换电设施的可用性密切相关，这凸显了先进场地规划及电力管理系统投资的重要性。
Furthermore, upskilling mine operators and maintenance personnel on EV technology is crucial. Addressing these challenges will require collaborative efforts from companies, technology providers, and government entities through research, incentives, and training initiatives.
此外，提升采矿操作人员及维护人员在电动设备技术方面的技能水平至关重要。解决这些挑战需要企业、技术提供商及政府机构通过研究投入、激励政策及培训计划协同发力。
Battery-Electric Vehicles Case Studies
电池电动汽车案例研究
Recent high-profile deployments of BEVs in mining provide tangible evidence of the sector’s progress.
近期采矿领域对电池电动设备的一系列备受关注的部署，为该行业的发展提供了具体佐证。
The collaboration between Boliden, Epiroc, and ABB led to the introduction of a fully battery-electric trolley truck system at the Chuquicamata mine in Chile, which improved emissions and operational costs while setting a precedent for similar projects worldwide.
博利登、安百拓和ABB 的合作，促成了智利丘基卡马塔矿引入全电池电动轮卡车系统，这一举措不仅改善了排放状况、降低了运营成本，还为全球同类项目树立了典范。
The Oyu Tolgoi project demonstrates how careful planning and integrating multiple BEV models can deliver desired safety and productivity outcomes.
奥尤陶勒盖项目则展示出，通过精心规划并整合多种电池电动设备型号，能够实现预期的安全与生产效率目标。
Industry data shows that many sites choose a phased transition, starting with ancillary vehicles before moving on to primary load-and-haul systems. The learnings from early pilots accelerate adoption and reduce risk as technologies mature and infrastructure needs become clearer.
行业数据显示，许多矿场选择分阶段转型：先从辅助车辆入手，再逐步过渡至主要的装卸运输系统。随着技术日趋成熟、基础设施需求愈发清晰，早期试点的经验加快了技术推广速度，同时降低了相关风险。
The Future of Mining Electrification
采矿电气化的未来
Switching mining equipment to electric power opens up new possibilities for safer, cleaner, and more efficient mining. Recent studies, industry feedback, and real-world examples show battery-electric machines can deliver real environmental, economic, and health benefits.
将采矿设备转向电力驱动，为更安全、更清洁、更高效的采矿作业开辟了新前景。近期的研究、行业反馈及实际案例均表明，电池电动设备能带来实实在在的环境、经济与健康效益。
Due to larger batteries and faster charging, these electric machines can now handle various tough mining jobs. Plus, stricter regulations and public demand for more environmentally friendly mining encourage companies to invest in this technology.
得益于电池容量的提升与充电速度的加快，这些电动设备如今已能应对各类艰巨的采矿任务。此外，更严格的法规要求以及公众对更环保采矿方式的诉求，正推动企业加大对这项技术的投入。
Of course, some obstacles remain, such as high upfront costs, the need for new site infrastructure, and helping workers adapt to these changes. However, these challenges are being ironed out as the industry collaborates and develops new solutions.
当然，一些障碍仍未消除，例如高昂的前期成本、对场地新基础设施的需求，以及助力工人适应这些变化等。不过，随着行业内的协同合作与新解决方案的不断涌现，这些挑战正逐步得到攻克。
With continuing improvements in battery and digital technologies, fully electric mining operations are becoming more realistic and attractive. Before long, we can expect to see more and more battery-powered vehicles in the mining sector.
随着电池技术与数字技术的持续进步，全电动采矿运营正变得愈发切实可行且具吸引力。在不久的将来，我们有望在采矿行业看到越来越多的电池驱动车辆。
References and Further Reading
1.Watts, J. (2025). Mining’s Moment To Go Fully Electric. Global Mining Review. https://www.globalminingreview.com/technology-digitalisation/16042025/minings-moment-to-go-fully-electric/
2.Janberg, W. (2024). Revolutionizing Underground Mining: The Rise of Battery-Electric Equipment. Report Linker. https://www.reportlinker.com/article/6809
3.Jaswani, P. (2024). Electric Vehicles in Mining 2024-2044: Technologies, Players, and Forecasts. IDTechEx. https://www.idtechex.com/en/research-report/evs-in-mining/994
4.Electrification of Mining Equipment: Top 5 Benefits 2025. (2025). Farmonaut. https://farmonaut.com/mining/electrification-of-mining-equipment-top-5-benefits-2025
5.Mining Industry: Transition to Electric Machinery. (2024). Leadvent Group. https://www.leadventgrp.com/blog/mining-industry-transition-to-electric-machinery
6.Hooli, J., & Halim, A. (2025). Battery electric vehicles in underground mines: Insights from industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 208, 115024. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2024.115024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032124007500
7.Gleason, W. (2023). Battery-electric vehicles for mining; challenges and opportunities. Mining Engineering. https://me.smenet.org/battery-electric-vehicles-for-mining/
8.Global Mining Electric Locomotive Battery Market 2024–2033. (2024). Custom Market Insights. https://www.custommarketinsights.com/report/mining-electric-locomotive-battery-market/
9.Martinetti, A. et al. (2025). Safety Challenges in Battery Swapping Operations of Electric Underground Mining Trucks. Applied Sciences, 15(12), 6763. DOI:10.3390/app15126763. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6763
10.Hooli, J., & Halim, A. (2025). Battery electric vehicles in underground mines: Insights from industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 208, 115024. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2024.115024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032124007500
11.Oyu Tolgoi battery-electric equipment developments intensify. (2025). International Mining.
https://im-mining.com/2025/01/02/oyu-tolgoi-battery-electric-equipment-developments-intensify/
结语
从蒙古奥尤陶勒盖矿的成功试运营到智利丘基卡马塔矿的全电动卡车系统落地，电池电动采矿设备（BEVs）的实际应用已为矿业转型写下生动注脚。其在减排、成本控制与矿工健康保护上的显著优势，正推动行业从“柴油依赖” 向“电力驱动” 加速转身。尽管初始投入、基础设施升级与安全培训等挑战仍需攻坚，但技术迭代（如高能量密度电池）与全产业链协作（企业、技术方、政策制定者的联动），已让这些障碍逐步消解。
随着全球脱碳压力加剧与矿业可持续发展需求升级，电池电动设备不仅是“可选之路”，更将成为“必行之道”。未来，当充电网络更完善、操作技能更适配、风险管控更成熟，全电动采矿的图景必将从蓝图照进现实，引领矿业进入清洁、高效、安全的新发展阶段。
公司介绍
北京阳光创译语言翻译有限公司（Suntrans）成立于 2008 年 2 月。公司总部设立在北京，在美国纽约设有分公司，并在乌干达和巴基斯设有办事处。在董事长吕国博士的带领下，历时15年，阳光创译由最初只有6人的翻译团队发展至今成为拥有50 余名全职管理人员、 1024 名兼职译员和 68 名核心译审人员的专业队伍。
阳光创译是中国领先的专业领域多语服务提供商，是中国专业地质矿业语言服务领军品牌。目前是中国翻译协会成员、中国语言服务产业技术创新联盟成员和中国矿业联合会全球地质信息共享委员会理事会成员。阳光创译致力于为中国地质、矿业以及石油领域企业国际化和本地化提供整体语言解决方案，主要从语言翻译服务、人才培养和咨询服务三方面推进企业的国际化进程。